Medium sized black hole 100,000 times bigger than sun discovered near center of Milky Way

RT.com (with video)
Mon, 04 Sep 2017 22:14 UTC


A new kind of black hole has been found at the center of the Milky Way - a find that may help explain the evolution of the phenomena.

In research conducted by Japanese astronomers using the ALMA Observatory in northern Chile, a black hole 100,000 times the size of our sun was found within a molecular gas cloud. Its relatively small size means that it is the first to be identified as an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH).

Professor Tomoharu Oka of Japan's Keio University believes that black holes with masses greater than a million solar masses are at the center of all galaxies and are essential to their growth. The origins of supermassive black hole, however, remain a mystery.

"One possible scenario is IMBHs - which are formed by the runaway coalescence of stars in young compact star clusters - merge at the center of a galaxy to form a supermassive black hole," said Prof Oka.

Using the ALMA telescope, the team observed the cloud more than 195 light years from the center of the Milky Way. In findings published in the journal Nature Astronomy, Prof Oka then used computer simulations to show the high speed motion of the gas cloud, which the team concluded was a sign that it is surrounding a black hole.

"Based on the careful analysis of gas kinematics, we concluded a compact object with a mass of about 100,000 solar masses is lurking in this cloud," Prof Oka added.

The IMBH is the second-largest black hole discovered in the Milky Way next to Sagittarius A*, which is 400 million times the size of our sun.

According to theories, the Milky Way should be home to about 100 million smaller black holes, but only 60 have been found.

Speaking to the Guardian, Brooke Simmons of the University of California in San Diego said small black holes occur when stars die, making them fairly common.

"We think some of those black holes are the seeds from which the much larger supermassive black holes grow to at least a million times more massive. That growth should happen in part by mergers with other black holes," he said.

100,000 times bigger than the sun, hard to get your head around figures / distances / sizes, like that.

just to give people an idea, the sun would fit over 1,300,000 earths in its volume..
http://www.suntrek.org/sun-as-a-star/sun-and-earth/comparing-size-sun-and-earth.shtml

Chances are it is not 100,000 times BIGGER than the Sun. More likely it is 100,000 times the MASS of the Sun.

With black holes, higher mass does not necessarily mean bigger.



When a neutron star gathers enough mass, it collapses even smaller into a singularity. That singularity of mass is what we call a black hole. Its not big its massive, as in "of great mass". Imagine packing a snowball smaller and smaller, all the while adding more snow. All the snow is still there but it is taking up less space.

Given that the center of the Milky Way and other similar galactic formations have a super massive black hole at the center and are pulling in the matter of the galaxy in a spiral motion it is not surprising that we are detecting black holes near its even horizons. There is a lot of matter in close proximity, of differing masses. Collisions are likely.

The center of our galaxy would not be a very wise place to journey.

So tom, help me out here.
Example, mass, so 2 apples, if you compress one it still has the same mass but the other one is bigger?
So does mass equal density?

Volume and mass are not the same thing.

A balloon has large volume and will float.
A steel ball half the size of a balloon will not.

The steel ball is heavier because it has more mass.

Our star is tiny if compared to big stars. Sometimes barely detectable in comparisons as this youtube video shows.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GoW8Tf7hTGA

Here is one on Black Holes

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QgNDao7m41M

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NU5LHohWOs8

I have a theory that as black holes become higher mass the actual singularity shrinks. Science has no idea the limitations of gravity. While the 'light' event horizon may grow in size as the mass increases the actual size may continue to shrink.

It is the mass that determines the distance of the 'light' event horizon. That horizon is not the surface of the singularity.
There is a distance between the event horizon and the singularity.

Since our science cannot see the singularity but only its effect, science can't measure it. As mass goes up the event horizon gets bigger and the singularity condenses. In hyper massive black holes, the singularity may be smaller than a quark or a boson.

Science does not know if there is a stopping point to mass-volume compaction. It can only estimate (guess) about what happens because we can not study such intensive conditions directly.

The Schwarzschild Radius may not be the limit of compression. It may only be the limit that we can currently understand. It is obviously the limit that creates a 'light' event horizon. There may be smaller radii that occur that we have no way to comprehend that creates exotic event horizons within the 'light' event horizon.

Lets do a little guessing ourselves.

You and your equipment are phantom and not affected by gravity.
You park yourself just out from the event horizon of the OP black hole.

As you move closer or farther away from the event horizon what happens to the light? What happens to the matter?

You measure the speed of the gravitational influence. For simplicity lets say things are being attracted to it at 1 meter per second.

Now you move closer to the event horizon. You measure and find that speed has changed to 2 meters per second. You move away and it slows to 1/2 a meter per second. You calculate that at the event horizon light is being captured at a speed of 4 meters per second.

You move to a smaller black hole and make the same measurements. The event horizon is smaller but at the event horizon light is still being captured at 4 meters per second.

Now you got to the Milky Way's center. At Sagittarius A black hole. You make a measurement and light is still being captured at 4 meters per second.

This indicates that gravity has a speed limit.

However, if the capture at Sagittarius A has a higher speed, that indicates that higher mass affects the speed of gravity.
You move away from the black hole to the edge of the galaxy and measure and there is still directional capture of matter at .00001 meters per second. As you move closer to the black hole the speed of capture goes up.

The Milky Way is spiraling onto Sagittarius A. Getting faster as it gets closer. That pull within the event horizon increases infinitely as the matter gets closer to the singularity.

When it hits, compaction occurs and its mass increases. That increase in mass creates a new singularity diameter smaller than before due to the high gravity. It shrinks, not growing bigger, but smaller. As the mass increases the speed of capture increases.

Now, if the speed does not change with size of mass, that indicates there is a limit to the affect gravity can have on mass.
Now when matter impacts the singularity, the additional mass doesn't cause compaction and the size of the singularity gets bigger. This would indicate that the 'light' event horizon may be limited in depth. Lets say 10 miles out from the singularity. No matter how massive or how big a black hole gets it will capture light at 10 miles out.

The way I see it, it should.

Density equals mass divided by volume.
Mass equals volume times density.
Volume equals mass divided by density.

Think of a balloon that is inflated.
There is more volume than when it is not.
If you let the air out of the balloon the volume decreases but the mass remains the same (technically air has mass so it does decrease in mass the weight of the air when the air is removed).

An inflated balloon feels lighter because the air inside it is lighter than the rubber that makes up the balloon.
If you put two precisely identical balloons, one inflated and one deflated on a precision scale and zero out the weight of the air, both will weigh the same.

Atoms are mostly empty space.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kypne21A0R4
Objects are full of empty space between the atoms and molecules. That empty space give objects volume.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J3xLuZNKhlY
If you compact all the empty space from an object it gets smaller. Steel is less dense than wood. There is less empty space in steel. It is denser, as in, its molecules are more tightly packed.

Crushing a piece of coal to make a diamond generates heat. Pressure generates heat. As things get hotter the molecules and atoms move faster and faster. As you increase the pressure the empty space is pushed out while the molecules are moving so fast.
To speed the process, manufacturers use heat and pressure to make synthetic diamonds. All you need is a supply of carbon.

If black holes masses can increase without limit, essentially fusing atoms, there is no telling what kind of exotic substances might be forming in them. If there is a limit to the compaction, there will be a limit to what happens to the singularity.

I'm slowly getting there, but need to read it through a couple of times

I edited in two youtube videos that may help...

Thanks, I'm looking at them. so another stupid question from the UK,
Atoms, as in splitting the atom, is an atoms mass greater?

I like that kaku guy, him and Brian Cox

The Sun is a fusion reactor.
The fusion process causes its volume-mass relation.
To compact the Sun changes it volume but not its mass.
Additional mass is needed to increase its mass.

Gravity created the Sun by collecting mass from a cloud of dust and gas. At a certain mass the gravity made it a sphere. At another mass gravity created pressure from the increased mass that caused atoms to fuse and that created energy.
The Sun is still fusing atoms.

Got it tom.
So its the volume we see and not the mass or both?

I'm not a scientist, I'm a mechanic.

Splitting an atom is fission.
I would imagine if you split an atom it will no longer be an atom?



So if anything it will have less mass.

I think of matter as condensed energy. If mass (matter) is split apart energy is released in the process. At higher rates of fission all the matter would become energy. Mankind cannot completely fission matter, that is why there is radioactive sludge created by power plants. If we could 100% fission matter nothing would remain except energy.

mikey try it this way....

take up scoop of snow the mash it all together as tight as you can.

it has the same mass before and after.

it has a different volume

but it would weigh less (1/6) if you took it to the moon.

mass is almost weight less the effect of near field gravity.

Ok, are they trying to create a black hole in the hedron collider ?

You see both together as matter.

If you look at a 2x12 plank of pine and there is a 2x12 plank of steel right beside it, volumetrically they appear the same.
If you were to paint the steel plank to appear as wood, your worker would not know the difference until he tried to carry it.
(Could be a set up for a funny video)

Have someone carry a wood plank and sit it down while your patsy looks, then when they are not looking remove the wood plank and put a steel one in place. Then ask them to go fetch that plank real quick. When they return without it take them aside about following instructions and change them back. Then have someone else go fetch the plank and lift it to someone above them while the patsy watches.

think of it as the space between the atoms shrinks...the denser something is, the less space there is between the atoms... if the earth shrunk to the size of a peanut, and retained it's mass, that's kind of what a black whole would be

That's what I was wondering with the apple!